The Sino–Vietnamese War, also known as the Third Indochina War, was a brief but bloody border war fought in 1979 between the China and the Vietnam. China launched the offensive in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia, which ended the reign of the China-backed Khmer Rouge and Vietnamese raids in Chinese territory near the border. After a brief incursion into Northern Vietnam, Chinese troops withdrew about a month later. Both sides claimed victory in the last of the Indochina Wars of the twentieth century.

The war also resulted in the discrimination and consequent migration of Vietnam's ethnic Chinese. Many of these people fled as "boat people" who eventually resettled in Asian communities in Australia, Europe, North America, or went back to China.